Research Advances of Coastal Ecological Carrying Capacity Evaluation Based on Sustainable Projects Plan     

Fan Xiaoshan  He Ping  Dong Jingru 《地球科学进展》2017,32(1):90-100

Coastal area is the region with the highest degree of economic and social development and the largest ecological stress in current China, where the proportions and the spatial patterns of developed coastal resource and environment are determined by projects planning. Ecological carrying capacity evaluation is the necessary prerequisite for sustainable utilization of natural resources and protecting ecological environment to ensure healthy and sustainable economic and social development to project planning. Based on the pressure types of projects planning on resources and environment, the concept and contents of coastal ecological carrying capacity were redefined for enhancing the practical value of ecological carrying capacity evaluation. The domestic and foreign research progress and advances related with coastal ecological carrying capacity evaluation were reviewed, which included habitat suitability evaluation, suitability assessment of construction land development, reclamation suitability evaluation and assessment of sea water environmental capacity. The conclusion noted that domestic research of coastal ecological carrying capacity needs to build a complete system of ecological carrying capacity evaluation methodology based on extensive reference to foreign research results, and quantitative evaluation and spatial visualization research related with coastal ecological carrying capacity should be carried out to provide strong support for ecological civilization process of economy and society in coustal areas.  相似文献   

辽东湾近岸海域油污染生态风险评价研究     

王思宇  陶平  宗勇军  邵秘华 《海洋科学》2017,41(9):143-150

以2014–2015年海洋调查数据为基础,Arc GIS软件为平台,通过选取致灾因子危险性、承灾体脆弱性相关影响因子,基于灾害理论和层次分析法构建了辽东湾近岸海域油污染生态风险评价指标体系、评价模型及评价标准,将致灾因子危险性等级和承灾体脆弱性等级进行叠加,从而实现对研究海域油污染生态风险进行综合评价,并对该海域溢油风险可能导致的环境影响进行了系统分析、诊断和综合评价。结果表明:辽东湾近岸海域风险处于较高风险,应加强对环境敏感区域的保护,并完善环境监测体系。本文同时为重要湿地生态敏感区合理配置溢油应急资源和实施风险决策提供技术支撑,也为目前事故后的危机管理到预防性风险管理的转变提供理论依据。  相似文献   

大连市滨海湿地现状及加强管护工作对策研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘玉安  段炼  解鹏飞  刘长安  雷威 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(11):54-60

文章利用遥感技术获取了大连市2016年滨海湿地基本状况信息,通过实地调查和查阅资料基本摸清了研究区水鸟及栖息地概况,收集整理了研究区开展滨海湿地管理与保护工作情况,简要阐释了当前滨海湿地管护工作中存在的功能退化等问题,辨识性分析了引发问题的填海造地、建设力度与保护经费不足等驱动力因素,提出了应从健全滨海湿地管理与保护制度机制、加大新建保护区与已建保护区管护工作力度、开展生态修复工作、开展滨海湿地生态补偿工作、严格自然滨海湿地开发利用管理和加强滨海湿地调查监测6个方面加强滨海湿地管护工作的对策及建设性意见。  相似文献   

基于生态价值损失的开发用海生态补偿标准的演变与实施分析——以山东省为例          下载免费PDF全文

郝林华  陈尚  夏涛 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(Z2):108-114

海洋生态损失补偿指用海者履行海洋生态环境资源有偿使用责任,对因开发利用海洋造成的海洋生物资源价值和生态系统服务价值损失进行的资金补偿。文章介绍了海洋生态补偿制度的建立过程,梳理了山东省海洋生态补偿新旧标准的演变过程,对山东省海洋生态补偿标准的实施进行了探讨,并分析了山东省海洋生态补偿资金征收的经济效率。结果表明,按照旧标准,只考虑对海洋生物资源损失的补偿,每公顷用海所缴纳的生态补偿资金为8.143 3万元;按照新标准,考虑对经济生物资源和生态系统服务损失的补偿,每公顷用海应缴纳的生态补偿资金为12.043 9万元,比旧标准提高了48%。补偿标准提高,虽然增加了企业的用海成本,但还只是补偿了企业用海所造成生态损失的1/4左右,还有3/4的生态损失没有要求企业补偿,需要国家财政增加生态修复投入。山东用海生态损失补偿政策的实施,很好地发挥了环境经济政策的效果;企业主动缩减围填海等用海面积,采用环境友好的用海方式,既节约了企业用海成本,又减轻了对海洋生态环境的损耗。在全国推广山东的开发用海生态补偿制度和标准,可以有效地引导企业理性用海、集约高效用海,助力海洋产业绿色转型,体现生态文明入宪的重大意义。  相似文献   

南京长江新济洲群湿地保护与恢复规划设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴后建  但新球  舒勇 《湿地科学与管理》2008,4(4):40-42

以南京长江新济洲群湿地为例,分析了在长江中下游开展洲滩湿地生态恢复的重要意义和必要性,在分析了南京长江新济洲群湿地退化现状及其驱动因素的基础上,对其保护和恢复规划设计进行了探讨,希望为长江中下游洲滩湿地的保护和生态恢复提供思路和借鉴。  相似文献   

祁连山东段山地景观格局变化及其生态脆弱性分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘晶  刘学录  侯莉敏 《干旱区地理》2012,35(5):795-805

以RS和GIS技术为主要手段,分析了祁连山东段地区1994-2008年的景观格局变化及其生态脆弱性。结果表明：（1）与1994年相比,森林、草地、冰雪带、水域4种景观要素的面积分别减少了5.0%、2.0%、2.2%、2.0%,而灌木和裸地的面积则分别增加了6.8%、5.0%;灌木、草地、冰雪带和裸地景观要素的平均斑块面积分别增加了49.0%、19.0%、1.1%、436.6%,森林和水域平均斑块面积分别减小了9.6%和4.1%。（2）森林、草地、冰雪带、水域4种景观要素的平均最邻近距离增加,聚集度降低,各景观要素内部斑块之间聚集度减小。灌木与森林景观要素之间的空间邻接长度增加了3 867 km,裸地与其他景观要素之间的空间邻接长度增加了5 589 km,嵌缀在其他各种景观要素中的裸地小斑块逐渐融合成大斑块。（3）景观类型脆弱度指数与破碎度指数之间显著正相关,分维数倒数、分离度指数和沙化敏感性指数与景观类型脆弱度指数呈弱度正相关。祁连山东段地区森林和草地退化,面积萎缩、水域干涸,裸地面积增加,各景观要素的空间关系趋于简单,景观破碎化增加。人类活动所引起的景观破碎化是祁连山东段地区景观格局和景观脆弱性变化的决定性因素。  相似文献   

Comparing long term sediment records to current biological quality element data - Implications for bioassessment and management of a eutrophic lake     

Tommi Kauppila  Antti Kanninen  Matias ViitasaloJohanna Räsänen  Kristian MeissnerJukka Mattila 《Limnologica》2012,42(1):19-30

Defining reference conditions for lakes situated in areas of human settlement and agriculture is rarely straightforward, and is especially difficult within easily eroding and nutrient rich watersheds. We used diatoms, cyanobaterial akinetes, remains of green algae and chironomid head capsules from sediment samples of Lake Kirmanjärvi, Finland, to assess its deviation from the initial ecological status. These site-specific records of change were compared to current type-specific ecological status assessment. All paleolimnological data indicated deviation from natural conditions and mirrored the current, monitoring-based assessment of “moderate” ecological lake status. However, the sediment data showed that the lake should be re-typified as a naturally eutrophic lake. Sediment records as well as current monitoring data indicated temporary improvement in water quality in response to extensive fish manipulation. Our results suggest that paleolimnological records can be used to derive site-specific reference conditions and that extensive restoration efforts can result in gradual, observable improvements of water quality and ecological status.  相似文献   

Towards a predictive model to assess the natural position of the Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows upper limit     

Matteo Vacchi  Monica Montefalcone  Chiara F. Schiaffino  Valeriano Parravicini  Carlo Nike Bianchi  Carla Morri  Marco Ferrari 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

The upper portion of the meadows of the protected Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica occurs in the region of the seafloor mostly affected by surf-related effects. Evaluation of its status is part of monitoring programs, but proper conclusions are difficult to draw due to the lack of definite reference conditions. Comparing the position of the meadow upper limit with the beach morphodynamics (i.e. the distinctive type of beach produced by topography and wave climate) provided evidence that the natural landwards extension of meadows can be predicted. An innovative model was therefore developed in order to locate the region of the seafloor where the meadow upper limit should lie in natural conditions (i.e. those governed only by hydrodynamics, in absence of significant anthropogenic impact). This predictive model was validated in additional sites, which showed perfect agreement between predictions and observations. This makes the model a valuable tool for coastal management.  相似文献   

Assessment of the ecological status of transitional waters in Sicily (Italy): First characterisation and classification according to a multiparametric approach     

Gabriella Caruso  M. Leonardi  F. Decembrini  E. Crisafi  A. Bergamasco 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(10):1682-1690

A 1-year cycle of observations was performed in four Sicilian transitional water systems (Oliveri-Tindari, Cape Peloro, Vendicari and Marsala) to characterise their ecological status. A panel of variables among which trophic and microbial (enzyme activities, abundance of hetetrophic bacteria and of bacterial pollution indicators) parameters, were selected. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) contents defined the trophic state, while microbial hydrolysis rates and abundance gave insights on microbial community efficiency in organic matter transformation and on allochthonous inputs. To classify the trophic state of examined waters, the synthetic trophic state index (TRIX) was calculated.Microbial hydrolysis rates correlated positively with POC and Chl-a, which increased along the eutrophication gradient. The significant relationships among TRIX, trophic and microbial parameters suggested the use of leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and POC as suitable parameters to implement the Water Framework Directive when assessing the ecological status of transitional water systems.  相似文献   

Diatom community dynamics in a tropical,monsoon-influenced environment: West coast of India     

Priya M. D’Costa  Arga Chandrashekar Anil 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

Diatom communities are influenced by environmental perturbations, such as the monsoon system that impact the niche opportunities of species. To discern the influence of the monsoon system on diatom community structure, we sampled during two consecutive post-monsoons (2001 and 2002) and the intervening pre-monsoon at Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru ports along the central west coast of India. Characteristic temporal shifts in diatom community structure were observed across the sampling periods; these were mainly driven by temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen saturation. The nutrient-poor pre-monsoon period supported low abundance yet high species richness and diversity of diatoms. Coscinodiscus, Cyclotella, Thalassiosira, Triceratium, Pleurosigma, Skeletonema and Surirella were the most dominant genera. Both the post-monsoon periods, following dissimilar monsoon events, were dominated by Skeletonema costatum, but differed in some of the residual species. Thalassiosira and Thalassionema spp. dominated mostly during post-monsoon I whereas Triceratium and Pleurosigma spp. dominated during post-monsoon II. To understand the underlying ecological mechanisms involved in such dynamics, we focus on the dominant diatom species in post-monsoon periods, S. costatum, that contributes up to 60% to total diatom cell numbers. This research is relevant in light of the fluctuating monsoon regimes over the Asian continent, the confounding effects of anthropogenic eutrophication and the resulting cascading effects on trophic web dynamics.  相似文献